C

argv[0]
File attributes
File Manipulation
printf
scanf
time, Maninpulating File Times
Trigraphs

argv[0]

Windows Specific Gotcha! Sometimes under Windows, argv[0] does not contain the programs path, just the executables name, which may not include its extension (such as .exe) and may be of different capitalization then the program itself.

File Manipulation

Header: mostly in <io.h>

Function	Description
`int _access( const char *path, int mode );`	determine file access permissions
`int remove( const char *path );`	Deletes a file
`int _chmod( const char *filename, int pmode );`	Change file permissions
`int rename( const char oldname, const char newname );`

Windows specific functions (mixed with others)

Function	Description
`_access, _waccess`	Check file-permission setting
`_chmod, _wchmod`	Change file-permission setting
`_fullpath, _wfullpath`	Expand a relative path to its absolute path name
`_get_osfhandle`	Return operating-system file handle associated with existing stream FILE pointer
`_makepath, _wmakepath`	Merge path components into single, full path
`_mktemp, _wmktemp`	Create unique filename
`_open_osfhandle`	Associate C run-time file descriptor with existing operating-system file handle
`remove, _wremove`	Delete file
`rename, _wrename`	Rename file
`_splitpath, _wsplitpath`	Parse path into components
`_stat, _stat64, _stati64, _wstat, _wstat64, _wstati64`	Get file-status information on named file
`_umask`	Set default permission mask for new files created by program
`_unlink, _wunlink`	Delete file

printf

format specifier %[flags][width][.precision][{h | l | I | I32 | I64}]type

Examples

To constrain the number of chars in a string that are printed:
sprintf( buf, "limit to 5 chars %-.5s", strMaybeLongerThan5

flags

Left Align

Prefix the value with a sign [ + / - ]

fills in width with zeros (ignored if width not specified)

'space'

puts a blank space in front of positive values

o	prepends 0
x	prepends 0x
X	prepends 0X
e E f	always shows decimal point
g G	always shows decimal point, and keeps trailing zeros

type

type	Example	Description
c	R	char type matching printf (or wprintf)
C	R	char type opposite of printf (wide for printf, char for wprintf)
d	-14	int, signed
i	83	int, signed
o	734	int, unsigned, octal
u	63000	int, unsigned
x	f135	int, unsigned, hex with lowercase letters
X	F135	int, unsigned, hex with uppercase letters
e	4.012e2	float, Scientific notation
E	4.012E2	float, Scientific notation
f	401.2	float, Scientific notation
g	401.2	float, use shorter %e or %f
G	401.2	float, use shorter %E or %F
s	Hello	String of chars
p	Af00:0134	Address of pointer
n		Nothing printed, the arg must be a pointer that gets the number of chars printed

scanf

int sscanf( const char *zSrcString, const char *zFormatString, [arguments]);

Reading until but not including '\n', and including all white space: scanf( "%[^\n]s", buf);

format specifier %[*][max width][{h | l | I | I64}]type

return value is the number of fields successfully scanned

Item

If included, it makes whatever this % causes to be scanned, get tossed, it is not stored into a variable

max width

Maximum number of chars to scan
? does this count the terminating 0?

h | l | I | I64

Wierd Microsoft specific stuff

type

c	char type matching scanf (or wscanf)
C	char type opposite of scanf (wide for scanf, char for wpscanf)
d	signed base 10
i	signed base 10
o	unsigned base 8
u	unsigned base 10
x	unsigned hex
e, E, f, g, G	float
n	Number of chars read up to this point
s	String of chars whose type matches the scanf (or wscanf)
S	String of chars whose type is the opposite of the scanf (or wscanf)

File attributes

NOTE: See also time, Maninpulating File Times


_stat
_stat64

time, Maninpulating File Times


_futime
_futime64
_utime
_utime64
utime [???}

Trigraphs

Here are the trigraphs:

Char	Trigraph
`#`	`??=`
`[`	`??(`
`{`	`??<`
`\`	`??/`
`]`	`??)`
`}`	`??>`
`^`	`??'`
`\|`	`??!`
`~`	`??-`

Suppressing trigraphs:

Desired	Use	Description
`??`	`?\?`	A backslash between the first and 2nd question mark
`??`	`???/?`	A trigraph escaped question mark between the first and 2nd question mark