Code        Error Message and Description
   -----       -----------------------------
   12001       ERROR_INTERNET_OUT_OF_HANDLES
               No more handles could be generated at this time.

   12002       ERROR_INTERNET_TIMEOUT
               The request has timed out.

   12003       ERROR_INTERNET_EXTENDED_ERROR
               An extended error was returned from the server. This is
               typically a string or buffer containing a verbose error
               message. Call InternetGetLastResponseInfo to retrieve the
               error text.

   12004       ERROR_INTERNET_INTERNAL_ERROR
               An internal error has occurred.

   12005       ERROR_INTERNET_INVALID_URL
               The URL is invalid.

   12006       ERROR_INTERNET_UNRECOGNIZED_SCHEME
               The URL scheme could not be recognized or is not supported.

   12007       ERROR_INTERNET_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED
               The server name could not be resolved.

   12008       ERROR_INTERNET_PROTOCOL_NOT_FOUND
               The requested protocol could not be located.

   12009       ERROR_INTERNET_INVALID_OPTION
               A request to InternetQueryOption or InternetSetOption
               specified an invalid option value.

   12010       ERROR_INTERNET_BAD_OPTION_LENGTH
               The length of an option supplied to InternetQueryOption or
               InternetSetOption is incorrect for the type of option
               specified.

   12011       ERROR_INTERNET_OPTION_NOT_SETTABLE
               The request option cannot be set, only queried.

   12012       ERROR_INTERNET_SHUTDOWN
               The Win32 Internet function support is being shut down or
               unloaded.

   12013       ERROR_INTERNET_INCORRECT_USER_NAME
               The request to connect and log on to an FTP server could
               not be completed because the supplied user name is
               incorrect.

   12014       ERROR_INTERNET_INCORRECT_PASSWORD
               The request to connect and log on to an FTP server could
               not be completed because the supplied password is
               incorrect.

   12015       ERROR_INTERNET_LOGIN_FAILURE
               The request to connect to and log on to an FTP server
               failed.

   12016       ERROR_INTERNET_INVALID_OPERATION
               The requested operation is invalid.

   12017       ERROR_INTERNET_OPERATION_CANCELLED
               The operation was canceled, usually because the handle on
               which the request was operating was closed before the
               operation completed.

   12018       ERROR_INTERNET_INCORRECT_HANDLE_TYPE
               The type of handle supplied is incorrect for this
               operation.

   12019       ERROR_INTERNET_INCORRECT_HANDLE_STATE
               The requested operation cannot be carried out because the
               handle supplied is not in the correct state.

   12020       ERROR_INTERNET_NOT_PROXY_REQUEST
               The request cannot be made via a proxy.

   12021       ERROR_INTERNET_REGISTRY_VALUE_NOT_FOUND
               A required registry value could not be located.

   12022       ERROR_INTERNET_BAD_REGISTRY_PARAMETER
               A required registry value was located but is an incorrect
               type or has an invalid value.

   12023       ERROR_INTERNET_NO_DIRECT_ACCESS
               Direct network access cannot be made at this time.

   12024       ERROR_INTERNET_NO_CONTEXT
               An asynchronous request could not be made because a zero
               context value was supplied.

   12025       ERROR_INTERNET_NO_CALLBACK
               An asynchronous request could not be made because a
               callback function has not been set.

   12026       ERROR_INTERNET_REQUEST_PENDING
               The required operation could not be completed because one
               or more requests are pending.

   12027       ERROR_INTERNET_INCORRECT_FORMAT
               The format of the request is invalid.

   12028       ERROR_INTERNET_ITEM_NOT_FOUND
               The requested item could not be located.

   12029       ERROR_INTERNET_CANNOT_CONNECT
               The attempt to connect to the server failed.

   12030       ERROR_INTERNET_CONNECTION_ABORTED
               The connection with the server has been terminated.

   12031       ERROR_INTERNET_CONNECTION_RESET
               The connection with the server has been reset.

   12032       ERROR_INTERNET_FORCE_RETRY
               Calls for the Win32 Internet function to redo the request.

   12033       ERROR_INTERNET_INVALID_PROXY_REQUEST
               The request to the proxy was invalid.

   12036       ERROR_INTERNET_HANDLE_EXISTS
               The request failed because the handle already exists.

   12037       ERROR_INTERNET_SEC_CERT_DATE_INVALID
               SSL certificate date that was received from the server is
               bad. The certificate is expired.

   12038       ERROR_INTERNET_SEC_CERT_CN_INVALID
               SSL certificate common name (host name field) is incorrect.
               For example, if you entered www.server.com and the common
               name on the certificate says www.different.com.

   12039       ERROR_INTERNET_HTTP_TO_HTTPS_ON_REDIR
               The application is moving from a non-SSL to an SSL
               connection because of a redirect.

   12040       ERROR_INTERNET_HTTPS_TO_HTTP_ON_REDIR
               The application is moving from an SSL to an non-SSL
               connection because of a redirect.

   12041       ERROR_INTERNET_MIXED_SECURITY
               Indicates that the content is not entirely secure. Some of
               the content being viewed may have come from unsecured
               servers.

   12042       ERROR_INTERNET_CHG_POST_IS_NON_SECURE
               The application is posting and attempting to change
               multiple lines of text on a server that is not secure.

   12043       ERROR_INTERNET_POST_IS_NON_SECURE
               The application is posting data to a server that is not
               secure.

   12110       ERROR_FTP_TRANSFER_IN_PROGRESS
               The requested operation cannot be made on the FTP session
               handle because an operation is already in progress.

   12111       ERROR_FTP_DROPPED
               The FTP operation was not completed because the session was
               aborted.

   12130       ERROR_GOPHER_PROTOCOL_ERROR
               An error was detected while parsing data returned from the
               gopher server.

   12131       ERROR_GOPHER_NOT_FILE
               The request must be made for a file locator.

   12132       ERROR_GOPHER_DATA_ERROR
               An error was detected while receiving data from the gopher
               server.

   12133       ERROR_GOPHER_END_OF_DATA
               The end of the data has been reached.

   12134       ERROR_GOPHER_INVALID_LOCATOR
               The supplied locator is not valid.

   12135       ERROR_GOPHER_INCORRECT_LOCATOR_TYPE
               The type of the locator is not correct for this operation.

   12136       ERROR_GOPHER_NOT_GOPHER_PLUS
               The requested operation can only be made against a Gopher+
               server or with a locator that specifies a Gopher+
               operation.

   12137       ERROR_GOPHER_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND
               The requested attribute could not be located.

   12138       ERROR_GOPHER_UNKNOWN_LOCATOR
               The locator type is unknown.

   12150       ERROR_HTTP_HEADER_NOT_FOUND
               The requested header could not be located.

   12151       ERROR_HTTP_DOWNLEVEL_SERVER
               The server did not return any headers.

   12152       ERROR_HTTP_INVALID_SERVER_RESPONSE
               The server response could not be parsed.

   12153       ERROR_HTTP_INVALID_HEADER
               The supplied header is invalid.

   12154       ERROR_HTTP_INVALID_QUERY_REQUEST
               The request made to HttpQueryInfo is invalid.

   12155       ERROR_HTTP_HEADER_ALREADY_EXISTS
               The header could not be added because it already exists.

   12156       ERROR_HTTP_REDIRECT_FAILED
               The redirection failed because either the scheme changed
               (for example, HTTP to FTP) or all attempts made to redirect
               failed (default is five attempts).

// show what settings are in effect
gflags -p

// turn on ?all? for your app
gflags -p /enable myapp.exe /full

// show setting for 'myapp.exe'???
gflags -i myapp.exe

typedef struct tagTHREADNAME_INFO
{
   DWORD dwType; // must be 0x1000
   LPCSTR szName; // pointer to name (in user addr space)
   DWORD dwThreadID; // thread ID (-1=caller thread)
   DWORD dwFlags; // reserved for future use, must be zero
} THREADNAME_INFO;

// dwThreadID = -1 sets the current threads name
void ThreadStuff::SetThreadName( LPCSTR szThreadName, DWORD dwThreadID = -1)
{
   THREADNAME_INFO info;
   info.dwType = 0x1000;
   info.szName = szThreadName;
   info.dwThreadID = dwThreadID;
   info.dwFlags = 0;

   __try
   {
      RaiseException( 0x406D1388, 0, sizeof(info)/sizeof(DWORD), (DWORD*)&info );
   }
__except(EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION)
{
}
}

#include <windows.h>

HANDLE mutex = CreateMutex( 0, false, "Some Name");

WaitForSingleObject( mutex, timeOutInMillis);
ReleaseMutex( mutex);

WaitForSingleObject( mutex, INFINITE);
ReleaseMutex( mutex);

CloseHandle( mutex);

// Make sure project is set to Multi Threaded, or it won't find _beginthread
#include <process.h>

void ThreadFunc( void *pData)
{
}

void startFunc()
{
	_beginthread( ThreadFunc, 0, pData);
}

SetWindowExtEx
use it to make the pixel to windows size ratio 1::1

WindowInfo
use it to get the pixel size of the window

"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio .NET\Common7\Tools\vsvars32.bat"

InterlockedIncrement
InterlockedDecrement
InterlockedCompareExchange
...

// returns number of milliseconds since the system was started
GetTickCount()

// is defined in some windows header, so use this if you don't want to include it:
DWORD GetTickCount(VOID);

#define _CRTDBG_REPORT_FLAG         -1    /* Query bitflag status */
#define _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF        0x01  /* Turn on debug allocation */
#define _CRTDBG_DELAY_FREE_MEM_DF   0x02  /* Don't actually free memory */
#define _CRTDBG_CHECK_ALWAYS_DF     0x04  /* Check heap every alloc/dealloc */
#define _CRTDBG_RESERVED_DF         0x08  /* Reserved - do not use */
#define _CRTDBG_CHECK_CRT_DF        0x10  /* Leak check/diff CRT blocks */
#define _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF       0x20  /* Leak check at program exit */
#define _CRTDBG_CHECK_EVERY_16_DF   0x00100000  /* check heap every 16 heap ops */
#define _CRTDBG_CHECK_EVERY_128_DF  0x00800000  /* check heap every 128 heap ops */
#define _CRTDBG_CHECK_EVERY_1024_DF 0x04000000  /* check heap every 1024 heap ops */
#define _CRTDBG_CHECK_DEFAULT_DF    _CRTDBG_CHECK_EVERY_1024_DF

#include <crtdbg.h>

// Get current flag
int tmpFlag = _CrtSetDbgFlag( _CRTDBG_REPORT_FLAG );

// Turn on leak-checking bit
tmpFlag |= _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF;

// Turn off CRT block checking bit
tmpFlag &= ~_CRTDBG_CHECK_CRT_DF;

// Set flag to the new value
_CrtSetDbgFlag( tmpFlag );

_CrtCheckMemory();

if ( _CrtIsValidHeapPointer(*ptr) == false) {
	cout << "It is bad" << endl;
}

_CrtMemState g_memState;
_CrtMemCheckpoint( &LeicaGeosystems::ClientServer::g_memState);

// Do lots of stuff

// leak detection
_CrtMemDumpAllObjectsSince(&LeicaGeosystems::ClientServer::g_memState);

// put this near the start up of the program

#ifdef _DEBUG
	RedirectIOToConsole();
#endif

// Header file: guicon.h
#ifndef __GUICON_H__
#define __GUICON_H__

#ifdef _DEBUG
	void RedirectIOToConsole();
#endif

#endif

// C++ file: guicon.cpp

#include "stdafx.h"

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

#ifndef _USE_OLD_IOSTREAMS
using namespace std;
#endif

// maximum mumber of lines the output console should have
static const WORD MAX_CONSOLE_LINES = 500;

#ifdef _DEBUG

void RedirectIOToConsole()
{
	int hConHandle;
	long lStdHandle;

	CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO coninfo;
	FILE *fp;

	// allocate a console for this app
	AllocConsole();

	// set the screen buffer to be big enough to let us scroll text
	GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &coninfo);
	coninfo.dwSize.Y = MAX_CONSOLE_LINES;
	SetConsoleScreenBufferSize(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), coninfo.dwSize);

	// redirect unbuffered STDOUT to the console
	lStdHandle = (long)GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	hConHandle = _open_osfhandle(lStdHandle, _O_TEXT);
	fp = _fdopen( hConHandle, "w" );
	*stdout = *fp;
	setvbuf( stdout, NULL, _IONBF, 0 );

	// redirect unbuffered STDIN to the console
	lStdHandle = (long)GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
	hConHandle = _open_osfhandle(lStdHandle, _O_TEXT);
	fp = _fdopen( hConHandle, "r" );
	*stdin = *fp;
	setvbuf( stdin, NULL, _IONBF, 0 );

	// redirect unbuffered STDERR to the console
	lStdHandle = (long)GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
	hConHandle = _open_osfhandle(lStdHandle, _O_TEXT);
	fp = _fdopen( hConHandle, "w" );
	*stderr = *fp;
	setvbuf( stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0 );

	// make cout, wcout, cin, wcin, wcerr, cerr, wclog and clog 
	// point to console as well
	ios::sync_with_stdio();
}

#endif